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Relationships



How do we build relationships with family, friends and romantic partners that are lasting and healthy? Many of us carry challenges with us through life, such as family dramas or struggles from our upbringing.


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Attachment theory



Especially the first two years of a child's life are crucial for how the person later forms new relationships as an adult. This is called attachment theory in psychology. Therefore, it is very important for the child to receive love and attention in order to form the most secure attachment possible. Are you aware of how you form and attach in relationships?


In psychology, there are four attachment styles (see below). You don't have to have just one – you may have several, which get activated in different relationships, and they can change over time. So it’s important not to get stuck on just one type, but if we become aware of our attachment style, we can also counteract it and break a bad habit.



Attachment styles



Secure



Children who grow up with loving and supportive parents typically develop a secure attachment. As adults, they are confident in themselves and their relationships. They can open up to others, express their feelings, and trust their partners. They can handle conflicts in a healthy way and feel comfortable with both closeness and distance in relationships.



Anxious-preoccupied



Those who have this pattern may have experienced both caregiving and rejection during childhood, which created insecurity. As adults, they have a fear of abandonment and can become very dependent on their partner. They struggle to feel secure in their relationships and can be emotionally unstable, demanding, and anxious. Sometimes, they may also behave in an avoidant manner.


Avoidant



Those with this pattern often have experiences of neglect or rejection during childhood. As adults, they have difficulty opening up and showing vulnerability in their relationships. They do not trust being cared for, and therefore keep to themselves. They can be emotionally distant. They may struggle to trust others and tend to avoid deep emotional connections.


Disorganized



This is less common. This attachment pattern arises when children are exposed to particularly frightening or traumatic events in childhood. These relationships can be volatile and chaotic.


Psychology helps us understand



There are many behaviors and patterns in relationships that can help us become aware, and in doing so, we also gain a greater opportunity to break old behaviors and choose new, better approaches. Below are some additional concepts that may be worth exploring.


More terminology to explore



Narcissism



Narcissism is a disorder, but people can also have narcissistic "traits." These are not permanent and can change. The term refers to when a person has an excessive self-love, a lack of empathy for others, and a strong need for admiration. When everything revolves around them. Narcissists can be manipulative and exploit others to satisfy their own needs.


Manipulation



Manipulation is when someone consciously tries to influence or control others in a hidden or destructive way. This can include lies, guilt-tripping, silent threats, or other tactics to get their way. There are also so-called "power tactics" that some use subconsciously to gain more influence and power over others.


Codependency



Codependency is a pattern of behavior where a person often puts the needs of others before their own to the extent that it can be harmful. Codependent individuals may have difficulty setting boundaries and may feel dependent on helping or rescuing others, even if it is harmful to themselves. Codependency can arise in, for example, relationships where there has been abuse or aggression.


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